Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ) & Bruxism
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ) & Bruxism
In today’s fast-paced world, the prevalence of headaches and migraines has become almost commonplace for many individuals. For some, these discomforts may be linked to an often-overlooked condition known as Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ). This condition, which affects the temporomandibular joint where the jaw connects to the skull, can significantly impact quality of life. From basic tasks like chewing and speaking to managing chronic pain, TMJ dysfunction can make everyday activities challenging.
What is the Temporomandibular Joint?
What Causes TMJ Dysfunction?
TMJ dysfunction has various causes, often stemming from lifestyle, physical health, or oral issues. Common causes include:
- Missing Teeth
Missing teeth can disrupt the alignment of your bite, creating imbalances in how the jaw moves and functions.
- Grinding or Clenching of Teeth (Bruxism)
Teeth grinding and clenching, often linked to stress, place excessive strain on the jaw muscles and the TMJ itself.
- Stress and Tension in the Jaw
Emotional or physical stress can cause people to unconsciously clench their jaw, leading to tightness and discomfort in the TMJ region.
- Injuries to the TMJ
Accidents or injuries resulting in fractures, dislocations, or trauma to the TMJ can lead to chronic dysfunction.
- Improper Dental Work
Poorly shaped fillings, crowns, or bridges can alter the natural bite, contributing to TMJ problems.
Recognising the Symptoms of TMJ Dysfunction
TMJ dysfunction presents itself in many ways, making it crucial to identify the symptoms early to seek proper treatment. Common symptoms include:
- jaw movement or difficulty opening the mouth fully.
- A locked or stuck jaw, preventing normal movement.
- Clicking, grating, or popping sounds when moving the jaw.
- Pain during activities like chewing, yawning, or wide mouth opening.
- Persistent pain around the ears, cheeks, or jawline.
- Frequent headaches, including migraine-like pain accompanied by nausea.
- Ear-related issues, such as earaches, hearing loss, or tinnitus (ringing in the ears).
- Dental symptoms like toothaches or increased sensitivity.
- Unconscious clenching or grinding of teeth, especially during sleep.
If left untreated, TMJ dysfunction can exacerbate these symptoms, leading to long-term discomfort and complications.
Treatment Options for TMJ Dysfunction
The good news is that TMJ dysfunction can often be managed with proper treatment. The approach depends on the individual and the severity of their condition.
1. Bite Adjustment (Occlusal Adjustment)
For many patients, treatment begins with correcting the bite to ensure the teeth and jaw align properly. Known as neuromuscular dentistry, this process may involve reshaping or adjusting the teeth to restore a balanced bite.
2. Occlusal Splints or Night Guards
Custom-fitted occlusal splints (bite plates or night guards) are frequently recommended to reduce the strain on the TMJ. These devices prevent teeth grinding and clenching, offering relief from pain and discomfort.
3. BTX Injections
BTX (botulinum toxin) is a non-invasive alternative treatment for TMJ disorders. When injected into tense facial muscles, BTX can alleviate jaw tension, reduce pain, and minimise associated symptoms like headaches. BTX injections have also proven effective in addressing lockjaw and relieving discomfort from bruxism.